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Howard described these events in his 1863 book Fourteen Months in American Bastiles, where he noted that he was imprisoned in Fort McHenry, the same fort where the Star Spangled Banner had been waving "o'er the land of the free" in his grandfather's song. Harpers Ferry is not occupied by either side again until February 1862. The Confederate General A. P. Hill described, the most terrible slaughter that this war has yet witnessed. I don't want to issue a document the whole world will see must be inoperative, like the Pope's Bull against a comet. In 1864, elements of the warring armies again met in Maryland, although this time the scope and size of the battle was much smaller. The War of the Rebellion, Series III, Volume 4, pp. [29] Civil authority in Baltimore was swiftly withdrawn from all those who had not been steadfastly in favor of the Federal Government's emergency measures.[30]. In March 1862, the Maryland Assembly passed a series of resolutions, stating that: This war is prosecuted by the Nation with but one object, that, namely, of a restoration of the Union just as it was when the rebellion broke out. Andersonville was more than eight times over-capacity at its peak. as white Marylanders in the Confederate army. [34] Indeed, when Lincoln's dismissal of Chief Justice Taney's ruling was criticized in a September 1861 editorial by Baltimore newspaper editor Frank Key Howard (Francis Scott Key's grandson), Howard was himself arrested by order of Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward and held without trial. Point Lookout, Union POW camp for Confederate soldiers, was established after the Battle of Gettysburg and was open from August 1863 to June 1865. The hospital staff is known to have assisted with the escape of several Maryland slaves while United States Colored Troops served as guards at the prison camp. The song's lyrics urged Marylanders to "spurn the Northern scum" and "burst the tyrant's chain" in other words, to secede from the Union. As one Massachusetts regiment was transferred between stations on April 19, a mob of Marylanders sympathizing with the South, or objecting to the use of federal troops against the seceding states, attacked the train cars and blocked the route; some began throwing cobblestones and bricks at the troops, assaulting them with "shouts and stones". Stuarts actions proved a catastrophe for the Confederacy because he should have been with Robert E. Lees army in Pennsylvania. Upon inspecting the camp, the U.S Sanitary Commission reported that the the amount of standing water, of unpoliced grounds, of foul sinks, of general disorder, of soil reeking with miasmic accretions, of rotten bones and emptying of camp kettles..was enough to drive a sanitarian mad." Mayor George William Brown and Maryland Governor Thomas Hicks implored President Lincoln to reroute troops around Baltimore city and through Annapolis to avoid further confrontations. "Lincoln's divided backyard: Maryland in the Civil War era" (PhD dissertation, Rice University, 2010), Crittenden, Amy Gray. According to one of his aides: "We loved Maryland, we felt that she was in bondage against her will, and we burned with desire to have a part in liberating her". It quickly became infamous for its staggering death rate and unfathoomable living conditions due to theCommissary General of Prisoners,Col. William Hoffman. Every purchase supports the mission. However, as the war progressed, the conditions at Salisbury plummeted. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. George P. McClelland served with the 155th Pennsylvania Infantry, Army of the Potomac, from August 1862 to his discharge in June 1865. Stuart crossed the Potomac River with 5,000 horsemen including artillery at Rowsers Ford and proceeded to ransack Montgomery County. Losses were extremely heavy on both sides; The Union suffered 12,401 casualties with 2,108 dead. Visit the battlefields & sites of Antietam, Gettysburg, Monocacy, South Mountain, Harpers Ferry, Baltimore & Washington, DC. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. Major William Goldsborough, whose memoir The Maryland Line in the Confederate Army chronicled the story of the rebel Marylanders, wrote of the battle: nearly all recognized old friends and acquaintances, whom they greeted cordially, and divided with them the rations which had just changed hands. [71], The state capital Annapolis's western suburb of Parole became a camp where prisoners-of-war would await formal exchange in the early years of the war. Some witnesses said he shouted "The South is avenged! "[36] Although previous secession votes, in spring 1861, had failed by large margins,[22] there were legitimate concerns that the war-averse Assembly would further impede the federal government's use of Maryland infrastructure to wage war on the South. [3][32] One of those arrested was militia captain John Merryman, who was held without trial in defiance of a writ of habeas corpus on May 25, sparking the case of Ex parte Merryman, heard just 2 days later on May 27 and 28. To deflect criticism, Stuart wrote a report glorifying his crossing at Rowsers Ford as a heroic, superhuman effort. Join us July 13-16! The Confederacy opened Salisbury Prison, converted from a robustly constructed cotton mill, in 1861. [5] Frederick would later be extorted by Jubal Early, who threatened to burn down the city if its residents did not pay a ransom. "Teaching American History in Maryland Documents for the Classroom: Maryland, A Middle Temperament: 16341980, Inside Lincoln's White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay, "History of the Federal Judiciary: Circuit Court of the District of Columbia: Legislative History", "Suspension of Civil Liberties in Maryland", "Abraham Lincoln and Treason in the Civil War: The Trials of John Merryman", "Why do people believe myths about the Confederacy? Confederate forces under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. [41][42] May was eventually released and returned to his seat in Congress in December 1861, and in March 1862 he introduced a bill to Congress requiring the federal government to either indict by grand jury or release all other "political prisoners" still held without habeas. This history of the 1st U.S.C.T., credited to the District of Columbia contains roster on pp. This presentation, based on the speakers 2009 book Send for the Doctor, is available as a first person portrayal of Dr. Stonestreet or as a PowerPoint slide show. There formerly was a Confederate monument behind the courthouse in Rockville, Maryland, dedicated to "the thin grey line". Florence Stockade operated from September 1864 to February 1865 and 15,000 to 18,000 Union soldiers were processed through the camp. (PowerPoint presentation.). One notable Maryland front line regiment was the 2nd Maryland Infantry, which saw considerable combat action in the Union IX Corps. And then theres that Chambersburg thing. His grandson didnt want to talk about it. WebDuring the Civil War, Baltimore had 44 forts, batteries, redoubts, and armed camps, and about 20 unarmed camps (hospitals, POW, etc.) Learn about the Underground Railroad Movement by seeing short dramatic portraits of those involved (and some opposed), both anonymous and known. WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion King William's War Queen Anne's War Tuscarora War Dummer's War King George's War French & Indian War Pontiac's Rebellion Lord Dunmore's War American Wars Revolutionary War Tripolitan War Tecumseh's War War of 1812 Creek Indian War The First Seminole War In recent years, America has commemorated valor by erecting monuments to entire wars, such as the World War II and the Vietnam Veterans Memorials. [8] Other residents, and a majority of the legislature, wished to remain in the Union, but did not want to be involved in a war against their southern neighbors, and sought to prevent a military response by Lincoln to the South's secession. By late summer Maryland was firmly in the hands of Union soldiers. ", Schearer, Michael. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (nps.gov) parallels the Potomac River from Washington, D.C., to Antietam. Civil War medicine is discussed in relation to medical education of that era and in relation to 19th century medicine before and after the War. The abolition of slavery in Maryland preceded the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution outlawing slavery throughout the United States and did not come into effect until December 6, 1865. Because our textbooks and monuments are wrong. Hatboro, PA: Tradition Press, Whitman H. Ridgway. A further 3,925 Marylanders, not differentiated by race, served as sailors or marines. Fearing that Union forces could cause a jailbreak at Andersonville, a new Union POW camp was established in Florence, South Carolina. [citation needed] This last provision diminished the power of the small counties where the majority of the state's large former slave population lived. Most prisoners had already been imprisoned in Andersonville. But what was Earlys aim, and how close did he come to taking the city and ending the war? [6] Not all blacks in Maryland were slaves. Around 70,000 soldiers passed through Camp Parole until Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant assumed command as General-in-Chief of the Union Army in 1864, and ended the system of prisoner exchanges.[72]. Request one of the following Speakers Bureau topics through ouronline form! The right to vote was eventually extended to non-white males in the Maryland Constitution of 1867, which remains in effect today. A soldier who survived his ordeal in a camp often bore deep psychological scars and physical maladies that may or may not have healed in time. Alton Federal Prison, originally a civilian criminal prison, also exhibited the same sort of horrifying conditions brought on by overcrowding. Baltimore boasted a monument to Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson[81] until they were taken down on August 16, 2017. But on July 10, Confederate General Jubal Early rode intoRockvillewith 15,000 men headed for Washington D.C. However, modern interpretation of the evidence suggests did in fact face real supply shortages. [1] In the leadup to the American Civil War, it became clear that the state was bitterly divided in its sympathies. Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Antietam Camp #3. Civil War medicine is discussed in relation to medical education of that era and in relation to 19th century medicine before and after the War. [38][39], The following month in November 1861, Judge Richard Bennett Carmichael, a presiding state circuit court judge in Maryland, was imprisoned without charge for releasing, due to his concern that arrests were arbitrary and civil liberties had been violated, many of the southern sympathizers seized in his jurisdiction. Request one of the following Speakers Bureau topics through our, We Were There, Too: Nurses in the Civil War. William Penn was the largest Civil War camp for the training of officers to lead African American troops. [57] When the prisoners were taken, many men recognized former friends and family. Candace Ridington portrays a nurse reminiscing about her time of service in Washington, D.C., during the Civil War when the nursing profession struggled to create itself. While Union forces were able to gain control of the mountain, they could not stop Lee from regrouping and setting the Maryland Humanities Council (2001). McCausland had the city burned down. Web18CH305 Introduction Camp Stanton describes the US Colored Troop Civil War military encampment on the Patuxent River in Charles County, Maryland. [63], While Major General George B. McClellan's 87,000-man Army of the Potomac was moving to intercept Lee, a Union soldier discovered a mislaid copy of the detailed battle plans of Lee's army, on Sunday 14 September. There was much less appetite for secession than elsewhere in the Southern States (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Alabama Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee) or in the border states (Kentucky and Missouri),[2] but Maryland was equally unsympathetic towards the potentially abolitionist position of Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln. Despite the controversial number Confederates claiming only a few hundred and the Union claiming upwards of 15,000 mortalities the dreadful conditions Federal prisoners faced is unquestionable. Not every experience behind camp walls was the same, however. [51], A similar situation existed in relation to Marylanders serving in the United States Colored Troops. The Constitution of 1867 overturned the registry test oath embedded in the 1864 constitution. More Americans died in battle on September 17, 1862, than on any other day in the nation's military history. While they often wrote frankly of the carnage wrought by bullets smashing limbs and grapeshot tearing ragged holes through advancing lines, many soldiers described their prisoner of war experiences as a more heinous undertaking altogether. "The social and economic impact of the Civil War on Maryland" (PhD dissertation, The Ohio State University, 1963) (ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1963. At its peak, over 20,000 Confederate soldiers occupied Point Lookout at any given time, more than double its intended occupancy. The story of Rockvilles Dora Higgins and her experiences during the Civil War. [15] One of the men involved in this destruction would be arrested for it in May without recourse to habeas corpus, leading to the ex parte Merryman ruling. The issue of slavery was finally confronted by the constitution which the state adopted in 1864. This Civil War presentation will use a life-sized mannequin dressed as a wounded Civil War soldier to discuss and demonstrate some Civil War-era (1860s) battlefield medical procedures and techniques. While other men born in Maryland may have served in other Confederate formations, the same is true of units in the service of the United States. The Aftermath of Battle; All the Fighting They In 1864, before the end of the War, a constitutional convention outlawed slavery in Maryland. The Presidency of Abraham Lincoln (18611865) suspended the constitutional right of habeas corpus from Washington to Philadelphia. His executive officer was the Marylander George H. Steuart, who would later be known as "Maryland Steuart" to distinguish him from his more famous cavalry colleague J.E.B. In July 1864 the Battle of Monocacy was fought near Frederick, Maryland as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. After shooting the President, Booth galloped on his horse into Southern Maryland, where he was sheltered and helped by sympathetic residents and smuggled at night across the Potomac River into Virginia a week later. WebCamp Hoffman (1) (1863-1865) - A Union U.S. Civil War prison camp established in 1863 on Point Lookout, Saint Mary's County, Maryland. Webeach consisting of one or more states, a Department-at-Large, a National Membership-at See Introduction, p. xxxiv. Merrick's fellow judges took up the case and ordered General Porter to appear before them, but Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward prevented the federal marshal from delivering the court order. $40.00 + $5.80 shipping. It did not affect Maryland. WebThirty pen and ink maps of the Maryland Campaign, 1862 : drawn from descriptive readings and map fragments Names Russell, Robert E. L. Created / Published Baltimore : Robert E. Lee Russell, 1932. The areas of Southern and Eastern Shore Maryland, especially those on the Chesapeake Bay (which neighbored Virginia), which had prospered on the tobacco trade and slave labor, were generally sympathetic to the South, while the central and western areas of the state, especially Marylanders of German origin,[5] had stronger economic ties to the North and thus were pro-Union. WebBegun in 1863 with the support of the Union League, eleven regiments were formed at Camp William Penn, the first Pennsylvania camp for volunteer African American regiments. [75] The Marylanders serving in the Union Army were overwhelmingly in favor of the new Constitution, supporting ratification by a margin of 2,633 to 263.[75]. In the 14 months of its existence, 45,000 prisoners were received at Andersonville prison, and of these nearly 13,000 died. that "the 23rd was made up of men mostly from Washington and Baltimore" though the regiment was credited to the state of Virginia. 51-52. Colonel Mobley: 7th Maryland Volunteer Infantry in the Civil War By Justin T. Mayhew 168 pages Self-published Softcover (available through the author: 301-331-2449) Fresh Insights into Civil War Prison Camps. Jim Johnston unravels the historical mystery. Civil War era Rare Officer's Traveling Inkwell with A great many are terribly afflicted with diarrhea, and scurvy begins to take hold of some. WebCamp Washington (1) - A Mexican War Camp in New Jersey (1839, 1846-1848). [62] The battle was the culmination of Robert E. Lee's Maryland Campaign, which aimed to take the war to the North. [9], After John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859, many citizens began forming local militias, determined to prevent a future slave uprising. WebThe Southern Maryland Civil War Round Table is pleased to announce that its next The broad surface of the Potomac was blue with floating bodies of our foe. My troops are on Federal Hill, which I can hold with the aid of my artillery. Modern estimates place the total deaths close to 1,000 men, however, period assessments varied greatly. On June 28, 1863, Confederate General J.E.B Stuart and his three cavalry brigades crossed the Potomac River and arrived in Montgomery County. William A. Dobak, Freedom by the Sword, Skyhorse Publishing, 2013, Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, constitution which the state adopted in 1864, Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, History of the Maryland Militia in the Civil War, List of Maryland Confederate Civil War units. The Man Who (Almost) Conquered Washington: Gen. John McCauslandSpeaker: James H. Johnston. Lincoln had wished to issue his proclamation earlier, but needed a military victory in order for his proclamation not to become self-defeating. Human error in the form of overcrowding the camps a frequent cause of widespread disease is to blame for many of the deaths at Point Lookout, Alton, and Salisbury. Jim Johnston uses the statues to tell the story of the Civil War and of the artistry that went into them. $40.00 + $5.80 shipping. How many were citizens of Maryland when they enlisted does not appear. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. WebThe Civil War Camps at Muddy Branch and the Outpost Camp and Blockhouse at Candace Ridington portrays all of the characters using a mix of props and clothing alterations. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion Overcrowding brutalized camp conditions in many ways. The disorder inspired James Ryder Randall, a Marylander living in Louisiana, to write a poem which would be put to music and, in 1939, become the state song, "Maryland, My Maryland" (it remained the official state song until March 2021). Harris states that Lincoln may or may not have been aware of this communication. Dr. Edward Stonestreet of Rockville served as Montgomery County Examining Surgeon in 1862, performing physical examinations on local Union Army recruits and draftees. WebEmerging Civil War Series. But the markers, and history, misplace the site. On May 13, 1861 General Benjamin F. Butler entered Baltimore by rail with 1,000 Federal soldiers and, under cover of a thunderstorm, quietly took possession of Federal Hill. I turned and saw Dr. R. S. Steuart. ", Cannon, Jessica Ann. Frederick County and Washington County, MD | Sep 14, 1862. [84] Easton, Maryland also has a Confederate monument. State's participation as a Union slave state; a border state, Marylanders fought both for the Union and the Confederacy, Constitution of 1864, and the abolition of slavery. Spoiler alert:Washingtondidnt fall. $199.99 + $17.99 shipping. The Maryland legislature refused to ratify both the 14th Amendment, which conferred citizenship rights on former slaves, and the 15th Amendment, which gave the vote to African Americans. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. WebCumberland Civil War Forts (1860's), Cumberland Union defenses included: Fort Hill 6306239). [citation needed] However, the constitution secured ratification once the votes of Union army soldiers from Maryland were included. Salisbury University, 1991). Originally constructed to hold political prisoners accused of assisting the Confederacy, Point Lookout was expanded upon and used to hold Confederate soldiers from 1863 onward. 56,000 men died in prison camps over the course of the war, accounting for roughly 10% of the war's total death toll and exceeding American combat losses in World War I, Korea, and Vietnam. After the war, numerous Union soldiers noted the poor, hastily prepared shelters in the camp, the lack of food, and the high death rate. The Civil War Camps at Muddy Branch and the Outpost Camp and Blockhouse at Blockhouse PointSpeaker: Don Housley. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. After the April 19 rioting, skirmishes continued in Baltimore for the next month. [3] In all nine newspapers were shut down in Maryland by the federal government, and a dozen newspaper owners and editors like Howard were imprisoned without charges.[3]. 228-259 listing more than 300 men born in Maryland. The issue of slavery may have been settled by the new constitution, and the legality of secession by the war, but this did not end the debate. He also served two terms as Acting Assistant Surgeon with the Union Army. Gonzlez, Felipe, Guillermo Marshall, and Suresh Naidu. However, Wallace delayed Early for nearly a full day, buying enough time for Ulysses S. Grant to send reinforcements from the Army of the Potomac to the Washington defenses. The 1860 Federal Census[7] showed there were nearly as many free blacks (83,942) as slaves (87,189) in Maryland, although the latter were much more dominant in southern counties. Limited rations, consisting of cornmeal, beef and/or bacon, resulted in extreme Vitamin-C deficiencies which often times led to deadly cases of scurvy. Marylands POW Camps in World War II. The nature of the deaths and the reasons for them are a continuing source of controversy. He has been concealed for more than six months. South 45-50 minutes. The constitution was submitted to the people for ratification on October 13, 1864 and it was narrowly approved by a vote of 30,174 to 29,799 (50.31% to 49.69%) in a vote likely overshadowed by the heavy presence of Union troops in the state and the repression of Confederate sympathizers. Another was the 4th United States Colored Troops, whose Sergeant Major, Christian Fleetwood was awarded the Medal of Honor for rallying the regiment and saving its colors in the successful assault on New Market Heights.[54]. Congressman Henry May (D-Maryland) was imprisoned without charge and without recourse to habeas corpus in Fort Lafayette. The earthworks were removed by 1869. "Start-up nation? Of the 50,000 Southern soldiers held in the army prison camp, who were housed in tents at the Point between 1863 and 1865, according to the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, (Maryland Park Service) nearly 4,000 died, although this death rate of 8 percent was less than half the death rate among soldiers who were still fighting in the field with their own armies. Prisoners relied upon their own ingenuity for constructing drafty and largely inadequate shelters consisting of sticks, blankets, and logs. [45] Its initial term of duty was for twelve months.[48]. By December of that year, more than 9,000 were imprisoned. Questions? The presentation will include discussion of some of the improvements in the practice of medicine and surgery as a result of the experiences and learning during the Civil War, when coupled with the germ theory and other discoveries after the War, resulted in a revolution in medical science, and the age of modern medicine in America. Join Our Email List When prisoner exchanges were suspended in 1864, prison camps grew larger and more numerous. Communicable diseases such as smallpox and rubella swept through Alton Prison like wild fire, killing hundreds. Literate and evocative, the letters convey an authentic perspective of a soldier who experienced one of the bloodiest and most transformative wars in American history. To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. One prisoner in seven died, for a total of 4,200 deaths by 1865. Camp Washington (2) - A U.S. Army Camp in Maryland (1880s). Meanwhile, General Winfield Scott, who was in charge of military operations in Maryland indicated in correspondence with the head of Pennsylvania troops that the route through Baltimore would resume once sufficient troops were available to secure Baltimore.[17]. Some narration fills in the material and moves events relentlessly to Civil War. WebThe Civil War Museum (currently closed) Schoolhouse Ridge Trails The 1862 Battle of Harpers Ferry Museum Maryland Heights Trail Bolivar Heights Trail Murphy-Chambers Farm Trail Last updated: July 24, 2019 Was this page helpful? In more recent times, markers have been erected at the supposed site on the C&O Canal at Violettes and Rileys locks. [76] Other witnesses including Booth himself claimed that he only yelled "Sic semper! The Battle of Monocacy was fought on July 9, just outside Frederick, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. History of Maryland From the Earliest Period to the Present Day. In that time, the number of men packing onto the tiny island grew to more than 30,000 men. The destruction was accomplished the next day. Murphy v. Porter. Based on a letter that Dora, an ardent abolitionist, wrote to her mother describing her trials as rebel general J.E.B. In early summer 1864, theUnions prospects for victory in the Civil War brightened when Union General Ulysses Grant besiegedRichmond. The shortage of food in the Confederate States, and the refusal of Union authorities to reinstate the prisoner exchange, are also cited as contributing factors. 18,000 Confederates were incarcerated there by the end of the war. The Underground Railroad Movement: Riding the Freedom Train Reenactor: Candace Ridington. Approximately a tenth as many enlisted to "go South" and fight for the Confederacy. In other words, the Assembly members could only agree to state that the war was being fought over the issue of secession. On May 23, 1862, at the Battle of Front Royal, the 1st Maryland Infantry, CSA was thrown into battle with their fellow Marylanders, the Union 1st Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry. Real and reproduction Civil War-era medical instruments will be shown and used, along with a variety of Civil War-era bullets, Minie balls, grape shot, buck shot, clusters, and other slugs (all inert, safe, and with no gun powder) that created many of the battlefield wounds that the surgeons had to treat. In 1861, while the population was quite low, the death rate hovered around 2%. This reenactment portrays the nurse professions early challenges, its rewards and sadness, and a glimpse of other nurses whose names are known to us through their journals. During the early summer of 1861, several thousand Marylanders crossed the Potomac to join the Confederate Army.